Caseflicks

New York Court of Appeals • 1985

Winegrad v. New York University Medical Center

64 N.Y.2d 851 | 476 N.E.2d 642 | 487 N.Y.S.2d 316 | 1985 N.Y. LEXIS 14150

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Takeaway

In short, this case establishes that a medical-malpractice defendant cannot obtain summary judgment with a conclusory affidavit merely asserting compliance with accepted practice; the movant must first provide concrete evidentiary facts eliminating material issues of negligence and causation.

Background

Mrs. Winegrad and her husband brought a medical-malpractice action against several individual physicians. Their verified complaint and bill of particulars alleged that Dr. Jacobs failed to review her medical history before beginning surgery around her eyes and before anesthesia was administered. During the procedure, she allegedly went into shock and developed cardiac arrhythmia. The plaintiffs further alleged that Drs. Ross and Pasternack gave her unnecessary medication for a blood clot and heart condition that was incompatible with her condition, and that Dr. Jacobs improperly left the blepharoplasty incomplete after representing that it had been completed.

The plaintiffs moved to strike the defendants' answers because the defendants had not appeared for depositions. The individual defendants cross-moved for summary judgment. Each submitted a short affidavit stating that the physician had reviewed the relevant medical records, had not departed from accepted medical practice, and had not caused Mrs. Winegrad's injuries. Dr. Jacobs also admitted that he had attempted, but had not completed, the blepharoplasty because she developed cardiac arrhythmia.

Special Term granted the plaintiffs' requested relief and denied summary judgment. The Appellate Division reversed and dismissed the complaint. The Court of Appeals reversed the Appellate Division, denied the individual defendants' cross motion for summary judgment, and remitted for consideration of issues the Appellate Division had not reached.

Issues

Issue #1

Whether the defendant physicians established their entitlement to summary judgment in the medical-malpractice action through conclusory affidavits denying negligence and causation.

Holding

No. The physicians' bare, conclusory assertions did not make the required prima facie showing that no material factual issue existed or that the malpractice claim lacked merit.

Reasoning

A party seeking summary judgment bears the initial burden to tender evidence sufficient to establish entitlement to judgment as a matter of law and to eliminate all material factual issues. That burden rests on the movant before the court considers whether the opponent's papers raise a factual dispute.

If the moving party fails to make this prima facie showing, summary judgment must be denied regardless of the weakness or insufficiency of the opposing papers. Thus, the plaintiffs' submission of only their attorney's affidavit concerning the missed depositions could not cure a failure in the defendants' own proof, but neither could it justify granting an otherwise unsupported motion.

The verified pleadings identified specific alleged departures from accepted care, including failure to check Mrs. Winegrad's medical history, improper administration of anesthesia and medication, and failure to complete the surgery. They also alleged resulting injuries, and Dr. Jacobs acknowledged that the surgery was discontinued when Mrs. Winegrad developed cardiac arrhythmia.

Against those particularized allegations, each physician offered only a generalized statement that he had reviewed the records, had not departed from accepted practice, and had not proximately caused injury. The affidavits gave no factual explanation connecting the medical records, the treatment provided, or the claimed injuries to the doctors' ultimate conclusions. Such conclusory denials were insufficient to demonstrate that the cause of action had no merit.