Caseflicks

New York Court of Appeals • 1921

Schwartzreich v. . Bauman-Basch, Inc.

131 N.E. 887 | 231 N.Y. 196 | 1921 N.Y. LEXIS 625

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Takeaway

In short, this case holds that parties may mutually end an existing contract and immediately substitute a new one on different terms; once the old contract is truly rescinded, the new mutual promises are supported by consideration.

Background

Louis Schwartzreich signed an August 31, 1917 employment contract to work as a coat-and-wrap designer for Bauman-Basch for twelve months beginning November 22, at $90 per week. Before the employment term began, Schwartzreich received a higher offer from another firm. Bauman-Basch offered to pay him $100 per week if he stayed.

On October 17, the parties signed a second written contract for the same work and term, but at $100 per week. Schwartzreich testified that, when he surrendered his copy of the first contract, Bauman told him it was no longer needed because the new contract took its place. Bauman testified that the old document's signatures were torn off. Schwartzreich was later discharged in December and sued for damages under the October contract.

The defendant argued that the October agreement lacked consideration because Schwartzreich had already promised to perform the same services under the August contract. The jury found for Schwartzreich after being instructed that the new contract was supported by consideration if the parties mutually canceled the old contract before or at the time they signed the new one. The trial judge set aside the verdict and dismissed the complaint for insufficient evidence of cancellation. The Appellate Term reversed and reinstated the verdict, and the Appellate Division affirmed. The Court of Appeals affirmed as well.

Issues

Issue #1

Whether the evidence permitted the jury to find that the parties mutually canceled the August employment contract.

Holding

Yes. The evidence, viewed favorably to Schwartzreich, supported a finding that both parties rescinded the first contract.

Reasoning

Schwartzreich testified that he returned his copy of the August contract when the October agreement was signed and that Bauman stated the new agreement took the old contract's place. Bauman's own testimony also indicated that the signatures on the old contract were torn off at that time. This evidence allowed the jury to infer an intentional mutual cancellation rather than a mere increase in pay under a continuing contract.

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Issue #2

Whether a new employment contract for the same work and period, at higher pay, is enforceable when the parties rescind the prior contract at the same time they execute the new one.

Holding

Yes. Mutual rescission of the prior agreement and execution of a replacement agreement may occur simultaneously, and the mutual promises in the replacement contract provide consideration.

Reasoning

The ordinary preexisting-duty rule bars enforcement of a promise to pay more merely to induce performance already required by an existing contract. Thus, if the August agreement had remained in force and the October writing simply modified the salary, Schwartzreich's existing duty to work would not itself have supplied new consideration.

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Dissents

Judge Chase

Reasoning

Judge Chase dissented from the affirmance. The opinion does not include a separate dissenting opinion or state the reasoning for his disagreement.