Caseflicks

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas • 1990

Romero v. State

800 S.W.2d 539 | 1990 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 186

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Takeaway

In short, Romero requires reviewing courts to defer to supported suppression-hearing fact findings and permits the Article 38.22, section 3(c) exception only when the oral statement supplies facts later verified as true and tending to establish guilt.

Background

Dolores Romero was indicted for murder after Jose Lomeli was fatally stabbed. Police went to Romero’s home after two men identified him as the assailant. Officer Johnson testified that Romero admitted, “I stabbed him,” produced a knife from his pocket, and identified it as the knife used in the stabbing. Romero gave a sharply different account through a Spanish interpreter: he said officers told him he had to accompany them downtown, that he surrendered the knife because he was afraid, that he denied committing the stabbing, and that he understood little English.

Romero moved before trial to suppress his oral statements under Article 38.22 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure because they were not recorded. The trial court granted the motion, finding that the statements resulted from custodial interrogation and were neither recorded nor otherwise admissible under Article 38.22. The State appealed. The court of appeals reversed, holding that Romero’s production of the knife made his statements admissible under Article 38.22, section 3(c). Romero obtained discretionary review in the Court of Criminal Appeals.

Issues

Issue #1

Whether Article 38.22, section 3(c), was properly before the trial court even though the State did not expressly cite that subsection at the suppression hearing.

Holding

Yes. The section 3(c) issue was raised and considered by the trial court.

Reasoning

Romero’s motion challenged the admissibility of his oral statements under Article 38.22 because they were not recorded. Section 3(a) supplies the general statutory requirements for admitting oral statements, while section 3(c) creates an exception. A challenge under section 3 necessarily can entail consideration of both provisions when the facts may support the exception.

The State’s written response expressly alleged the substance of section 3(c): that Romero’s statements contained true assertions of fact or circumstance that tended to establish guilt, including the instrument allegedly used to commit the offense. The State therefore presented the exception as a basis for denying suppression, even without citing the subsection number.

The suppression order stated that the trial judge had considered both Romero’s motion and the State’s answer and found the statements were not otherwise admissible under Article 38.22. That ruling implicitly rejected section 3(c) as a basis for admission. The court of appeals therefore did not decide an issue that had been omitted from the trial court proceedings.】【”】【},{