Caseflicks

Court of Appeals of Arizona • 1979

State v. Moses

599 P.2d 252 | 123 Ariz. 296 | 1979 Ariz. App. LEXIS 565

Full access

Unlock the video and quiz

The written brief is free to read below. Subscribe to watch the video explainer and take the quiz.

Takeaway

In short, this case holds that Arizona’s former scheme-or-artifice-to-defraud statute reached a fraudulent taking even when the victim intended to surrender only temporary possession, rather than title, to the property.

Background

Willie Joe Moses and an accomplice carried out a “Jamaican Switch” scam. Moses, using an assumed foreign accent, approached the victim for directions. His accomplice then appeared and offered to help him. Moses showed the victim what appeared to be a large amount of cash, claimed he did not trust the accomplice, and persuaded the victim to place his own money with Moses’s money in a handkerchief as a sign of good faith.

The handkerchief was placed in the trunk of the victim’s car. Without the victim’s knowledge, Moses switched handkerchiefs. When the victim later opened the handkerchief, it contained only folded paper, and he could not find Moses or the accomplice.

A jury convicted Moses of obtaining money by a confidence game under former A.R.S. § 13-312 and of obtaining money through a scheme or artifice to defraud under former A.R.S. § 13-320.01. He appealed only the latter conviction and its sentence of five to ten years’ imprisonment.

Issues

Issue #1

Whether former A.R.S. § 13-320.01 required the State to prove that the victim intended to transfer title or ownership of his money to the defendant.

Holding

No. The statute did not require proof that the victim intended to pass title to the money; proof that Moses knowingly and intentionally obtained money through a fraudulent scheme or artifice was sufficient.

Reasoning

Moses argued that the victim intended only to entrust his money temporarily as a display of good faith, not to give Moses ownership of it. Under the common-law offense of false pretenses, courts in some jurisdictions required proof that the victim intended to transfer title or whatever property interest the victim possessed, rather than merely surrender possession.

The court rejected the premise that § 13-320.01 simply codified the common-law crime of false pretenses. Although the statute criminalized obtaining money or property through false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, its language did not include a title-transfer requirement.

Instead, the court recognized that the Arizona provision was derived from the federal mail-fraud statute and was enacted in 1976 to reach a broad range of fraudulent conduct. That broader statutory design did not confine liability to transactions in which the victim meant to convey ownership.

The evidence showed that Moses used a planned deception to induce the victim to place his money in the handkerchief, then secretly substituted a different handkerchief containing paper. This was sufficient evidence that Moses knowingly and intentionally obtained the victim’s money pursuant to a scheme or artifice to defraud.

Concurrences

Chief Justice Ogg

Reasoning

Chief Justice Ogg concurred in the court’s opinion without writing separately.

Judge Jacobson

Reasoning

Judge Jacobson concurred only in the result and did not provide separate reasoning.